Read The Book, It Tells All |
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The Santo Domingo Mulatto |
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Just Who are We ??
For instance, a person whose ancestry is one eighth Chinese
is not defined as just Chinese, or East Asian, or a member of
the mongoloid race.
The United States certainly does not apply
a one-drop rule to its white ethnic populations either, which
include both national and religious groups. Ethnicity has often
been confused with racial biology, and not just in Nazi Germany.
Americans do not insist that an American with a small fraction
of Polish ancestry be classified as a Pole, or that someone
with a single remote Greek ancestor be designated Greek, or
that someone with any trace of Jewish lineage is a Jew and nothing
else.
It is interesting that, in
The Passing of the Great Race (1916), Madison Grant maintained
that the one-drop rule should be applied not only to blacks
but also to all the other ethnic groups he considered biologically
inferior "races," such as Hindus, Asians in general,
Jews, Italians, and other Southern and Eastern European peoples
. "To be consistent, shouldn't you say that someone who is
one-eighth white is passing as black?"
The concept of passing applies
only to blacks
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consistent with nation's unique definition of
the group.
A person who is one-fourth of less American Indian
or Korean or Filipino is not regarded as passing if he or she
intermarries and joins fully the life of the dominant community,
so the minority ancestry need not be hidden.
It is often suggested
that the key reason for this is that the physical differences
between African blacks and whites, and therefore are less threatening
to whites.
However, keep in mind that the one-drop rule and
anxiety about passing originated during slavery and later received
powerful reinforcement under the Jim Crow system.
It should now be apparent that
the definition of a black person as one with any trace at
all of black African ancestry is inextricably woven into the
history of the United States. It incorporates beliefs once
used to justify slavery and later used to buttress the caste
like Jim Crow system of segregation.
In 1870 and 1880, mulattoes
were officially defined to include "quadroons, octoroons,
and all persons having any perceptible trace of African blood."
In 1980 enumerators were told to record the exact proportion
of the "African blood," again relying on visibility.
In 1900 the Census Bureau specified that "pure Negroes"
be counted separately from mulattoes, the latter to mean "all
persons' with some trace of black blood." In 1920 the
mulatto category was dropped, and black was defined toMean
any person with any black ancestry, as it has been ever since.
No other ethnic population in
the nation, including those with visibility non-Caucasoid
features, is defined and counted according to a one-drop rule.
For example, persons whose ancestry is one-fourth or less
American Indian are not generally defined as Indian unless
they want to be, and they are considered assimilating Americans
who may even be proud of having some
Indian ancestry. The same implicit
rule appears to apply to Japanese Americans, Filipinos, or
other peoples from East Asian nations and also to Mexican
Americans who have Central American Indian ancestry, as a
large majority do. For instance, a person whose ancestry is
one eighth Chinese is not defined as just Chinese, or East
Asian, or a member of the mongoloid race.
The United States
certainly does not apply a one-drop rule to its white ethnic
populations either, which include both national and religious groups.
Ethnicity has often been confused with racial biology,
and not just in Nazi Germany.
Americans do not insist that
an American with a small fraction of Polish ancestry be classified
as a Pole, or that someone with a single remote Greek ancestor
be designated Greek, or that someone with any trace of Jewish
lineage is a Jew and nothing else.
It is interesting that, in The
Passing of the Great Race (1916), Madison Grant maintained
that the one-drop rule should be applied not only to blacks
but also to all the other ethnic groups he considered biologically
inferior "races," such as Hindus, Asians in general,
Jews, Italians, and other Southern and Eastern European peoples.
To be consistent, shouldn't you say that someone who
is one-eighth white is passing as black?"
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Credits:
Who is Black?
Book by F. James Davis |
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